Citations
PSRP’s research on inclusion in political settlements and data from our PA-X Peace Agreements Database is regularly cited in journal articles, reports, and official documents.
Examples of PSRP’s citations include:
| Type | Title, year, author | Key points |
| Journal article | The internationalization of security sector gender reforms in post-conflict countries, 2019, by L. Huber and S. Karim | Huber and Karim draw on the Women and Peace Agreements Database (PA-X Women), among other datasets, to study which factors determine whether security sector reforms (SSR) are gender balanced by examining post-conflict countries in the 1989 – 2012 period. Their study finds that UN multidimensional peacekeeping operations (PKOs) have a significant positive impact on gender balancing, even moure so than female political representation or gendered peace agreements. This study underscores the impact PKOs can have on gender balancing in SSR, while raising questions about the sustainability of SSR gender balancing once PKOs exit. |
| The Minsk Agreements – more than “scraps of paper”?, 2019, by C. Wittke | Wittke builds on Christine Bell and Jan Pospisil’s concept of formalised political unsettlement to explain why the 2014 and 2015 Minsk Agreements remain relevant despite their flawed implementation. She argues that the agreements provide platforms to contest and redefine political power and legitimacy, creating an environment of formalised political unsettlement. The agreements’ relevance today can thus best be explained by their function as frameworks for negotiation, rather than the success or failure of the agreements’ implementation. | |
| Towards inclusive peace: Analysing gender-sensitive peace agreements 2000-2016, 2019, by J. True and Y. Riveros-Morales | True and Riveros-Morales use PA-X Women data to statistically analyse which factors explain the presence of gender provisions in 98 peace agreements. They find that three factors increase the likelihood of gender provision inclusion when they occur simultaneously: (1) women’s participation in peace processes, (2) women’s representation in parliament, and (3) women’s civil society pressure. This article provides tangible evidence for practitioners seeking to improve peace agreements’ gender-sensitivity and inclusiveness. | |
| What prevents peace? Women and peacebuilding in Bosnia and Nepal, 2019, by M. Berry and T. Rana
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Berry and Rana cite Christine Bell and Sanja Badanjak’s 2018 article introducing the Peace Agreements Database (PA-X) in their study of obstacles to peace in women’s lives after war. Based on interviews with women in Bosnia and Nepal, they identify five key barriers to women’s enjoyment of peace in their daily lives: (1) economic insecurity, (2) competing narratives of the origins and victims of conflict, (3) hierarchies among victims, (4) continued violence and trauma, and (5) displacement and disruption of lives. The article highlights ways in which women seek to overcome these barriers, including by creating women-only spaces for reconciliation. | |
| Report | Peace processes of the 1990s: A report for the Varieties of Peace Research Program, 2018, by V. Johansson | Johansson analyses civil wars and their related peace processes in the 1990s based on the PA-X database and the Uppsala Conflict Data Program’s (UCDP) outputs. Johansson provides an overview of 103 internal armed of conflicts of the 1990s, including the parties involved, and information on when and how they ended. He finds that provisions on ceasefires, development, and rebel inclusion were the three most common provisions in the 696 civil war peace agreements under review. |
| The known knowns and known unknowns in data on women, peace and security, 2019, by R. Nagel | Nagel surveys available data and research relevant to the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda, stating that PA-X ‘offers the best opportunity to systematically examine […] the role and effect of gendering peace agreements’ (p. 13). Nagel also cites Bell’s 2015 PSRP report about power-sharing and the inclusion of women in peace negotiations published by UN Women. Finally, the report offers best practice advice on collecting and interpreting quantitative data. | |
| Toward inclusive peace: Mapping gender-sensitive peace agreements 2000-2016, 2018, by K. Lee-Koo and J. True | Lee-Koo and True’s report is based on the same research as True and Riveros-Morales’ aforementioned journal article. Based on their analysis of agreements from PA-X Women, Lee-Koo and True recommend actors to: ‘1. Support women’s participation in all areas of the peace process: elite peace processes, national parliaments, and women’s civil society. 2. Support the inclusion of gender provisions across all areas and in all agreements during the peace process’ (p. 6). | |
| Official document | The UK Government’s approach to stabilisation: A guide for policy makers and practitioners, 2019, by the UK Stabilisation Unit | HMG’s new Stabilisation Guide explains the UK’s stabilisation approach (protect, promote, prepare) and refers to the PSRP in the context of political bargaining and political settlements in (post-)conflict countries. The guide highlights Bell and Pospisil’s work on formalised political unsettlement, as well as PSRP papers on political, military, and economic power-sharing, and business and peace agreements. |
